Course Glossary

OPS3 - Virtualization and Cloud Infrastructure

Comprehensive technical terms and definitions

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64
Total Terms
8
Categories
12
Weeks Covered
A B C D F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T V Z

A

API
Application Programming Interface - A set of protocols and tools for building software applications, enabling programmatic access to services.
Automation Week 11
Ansible
An open-source automation tool for configuration management, application deployment, and task automation using declarative YAML playbooks.
Automation Week 11

B

Bridge
A network device that connects two or more network segments, allowing VMs to appear on the same network as the physical host.
Networking Week 3

C

CLI
Command Line Interface - A text-based interface for interacting with software and operating systems through commands.
Automation Week 11
Ceph
A unified, distributed storage system providing object, block, and file storage in a single platform with no single point of failure.
Storage Week 4
Cinder
OpenStack's block storage service providing persistent block storage volumes for virtual machines.
Cloud Week 10
Clone
An exact copy of a virtual machine, which can be either linked (shares storage with original) or full (independent copy).
Virtual Machines Week 2
Cloud Computing
The delivery of computing services including servers, storage, databases, networking, and software over the internet on-demand.
Cloud Week 7
Cluster
A group of interconnected servers working together to provide increased availability, scalability, and performance.
High Availability Week 6
Container
A lightweight, standalone executable package that includes application code, runtime, libraries, and dependencies, sharing the host OS kernel.
Containers Week 5
Corosync
A cluster engine providing group communication and membership services for high availability clusters.
High Availability Week 6

D

DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - A network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and network configuration to devices.
Networking Week 3
DNS
Domain Name System - A hierarchical naming system that translates human-readable domain names to IP addresses.
Networking Week 3
Docker
A platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers, providing tools for container lifecycle management.
Containers Week 5
Docker Image
A read-only template containing application code and dependencies used to create Docker containers.
Containers Week 5
Dockerfile
A text file containing instructions for building a Docker image, defining the base image, dependencies, and configuration.
Containers Week 5

F

Failover
The automatic transfer of operations from a failed component to a redundant backup component to maintain service availability.
High Availability Week 6
Fencing
A safety mechanism in clusters that isolates or powers off failed nodes to prevent data corruption and split-brain scenarios.
High Availability Week 6
Flavor
In OpenStack, a template defining virtual machine resources including vCPUs, RAM, and disk size.
Cloud Week 9

G

Glance
OpenStack's image service for discovering, registering, and retrieving virtual machine images.
Cloud Week 8
Guest OS
The operating system running inside a virtual machine, as opposed to the host operating system.
Virtualization Week 1

H

High Availability (HA)
A system design approach ensuring a service remains operational and accessible with minimal downtime, typically targeting 99.9% or higher uptime.
High Availability Week 6
Horizon
OpenStack's web-based dashboard providing a graphical interface for managing cloud resources.
Cloud Week 8
Host OS
The primary operating system running on physical hardware that hosts virtual machines (in Type 2 hypervisors).
Virtualization Week 1
Hypervisor
Software that creates and manages virtual machines by abstracting physical hardware resources. Also known as Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
Virtualization Week 1

I

IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service - Cloud service model providing virtualized computing resources over the internet, including servers, storage, and networking.
Cloud Week 7
Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
The practice of managing and provisioning infrastructure through machine-readable definition files rather than manual processes.
Automation Week 11

J

JSON
JavaScript Object Notation - A lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and for machines to parse.
Automation Week 11

K

KVM
Kernel-based Virtual Machine - A Type 1 hypervisor built into the Linux kernel, providing hardware-assisted virtualization.
Virtualization Week 1
Keystone
OpenStack's identity service providing authentication and authorization for all OpenStack services.
Cloud Week 8
Kubernetes
An open-source container orchestration platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
Containers Week 5

L

LVM
Logical Volume Manager - A device mapper framework providing logical volume management for the Linux kernel, allowing flexible disk management.
Storage Week 4
LXC
Linux Containers - An operating system-level virtualization method providing isolated environments using Linux kernel features.
Containers Week 5
Live Migration
The process of moving a running virtual machine from one physical host to another without downtime.
Virtual Machines Week 2

M

Multi-tenancy
A software architecture where a single instance serves multiple customers (tenants) with isolated data and configurations.
Cloud Week 8

N

NAT
Network Address Translation - A method of mapping private IP addresses to public IP addresses, commonly used to allow VMs to access external networks.
Networking Week 3
NFS
Network File System - A distributed file system protocol allowing remote file access over a network as if locally attached.
Storage Week 4
Neutron
OpenStack's networking service providing network connectivity as a service, including virtual networks, routers, and firewalls.
Cloud Week 8
Nova
OpenStack's compute service responsible for provisioning and managing virtual machine instances.
Cloud Week 9

O

OpenStack
An open-source cloud computing platform for building and managing public and private clouds, providing IaaS services.
Cloud Week 8
Orchestration
The automated configuration, coordination, and management of computer systems and software, especially in cloud environments.
Automation Week 11

P

PaaS
Platform as a Service - Cloud service model providing a platform for developing, testing, and deploying applications without managing underlying infrastructure.
Cloud Week 7
Pod
The smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes, consisting of one or more containers that share storage and network resources.
Containers Week 5
Proxmox VE
Proxmox Virtual Environment - An open-source virtualization platform combining KVM hypervisor and LXC containers with an integrated web-based management interface.
Virtualization Week 1

Q

QEMU
Quick Emulator - An open-source machine emulator and virtualizer that works with KVM to provide full system virtualization.
Virtualization Week 1
Quorum
The minimum number of cluster nodes that must be available for the cluster to function, preventing split-brain scenarios.
High Availability Week 6

R

REST API
Representational State Transfer API - An architectural style for web services using HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) for operations.
Automation Week 11

S

SaaS
Software as a Service - Cloud service model delivering software applications over the internet on a subscription basis.
Cloud Week 7
Snapshot
A point-in-time copy of a virtual machine's state, including disk, memory, and configuration, allowing rollback to previous states.
Virtual Machines Week 2
Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
An approach to networking that uses software-based controllers to manage network traffic and behavior, separating the control plane from the data plane.
Networking Week 3
Storage Pool
A collection of storage resources aggregated together to be allocated to virtual machines as needed.
Storage Week 4

T

Template
A pre-configured virtual machine image used as a baseline for creating new VMs quickly and consistently.
Virtual Machines Week 2
Tenant
In OpenStack, a grouping of users and resources with isolated access. Also called a Project.
Cloud Week 8
Type 1 Hypervisor
A bare-metal hypervisor that runs directly on physical hardware without a host operating system. Examples include VMware ESXi, KVM, and Proxmox VE.
Virtualization Week 1
Type 2 Hypervisor
A hosted hypervisor that runs on top of a host operating system. Examples include VMware Workstation, VirtualBox, and QEMU.
Virtualization Week 1

V

VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network - A logical network segment that groups devices regardless of physical location, improving security and reducing broadcast domains.
Networking Week 3
Virtual Disk
A file or volume that appears as a physical disk drive to a virtual machine, storing the VM's operating system and data.
Virtual Machines Week 2
Virtual Machine (VM)
A software-based emulation of a physical computer that runs an operating system and applications, isolated from the host system.
Virtualization Week 1
Virtual Network
A software-defined network that enables communication between virtual machines and external networks.
Networking Week 3
Virtualization
The creation of virtual versions of physical computing resources, including servers, storage devices, and networks.
Virtualization Week 1

Z

ZFS
Zettabyte File System - An advanced file system with built-in volume management, data integrity verification, and efficient snapshots.
Storage Week 4

I

iSCSI
Internet Small Computer System Interface - A protocol for transmitting SCSI commands over IP networks, enabling block-level storage access.
Storage Week 4

Q

qcow2
QEMU Copy-On-Write version 2 - A disk image format that supports compression, encryption, and snapshots.
Storage Week 2

V

vCPU
Virtual Central Processing Unit - A portion of physical CPU resources allocated to a virtual machine.
Virtual Machines Week 2

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